![]() ![]() Yin and Rosenzweig found that knocking out microglial APOE4 seemed to reinvigorate the cells. After treating microglia from APOE4 knock-ins with a PU.1 inhibitor, the cells began expressing DAM/MGnDs genes. Genetic variants near PU.1 reportedly increase its expression and delay AD onset, potentially by suppressing homeostatic genes ( Aug 2019 news Jun 2017 news ). ApoE4 microglia upregulated homeostatic drivers, including TGFβ and PU.1. What happened when microglia expressed APOE? Compared to APP/PS1 or P301S APOE3 mice, those expressing APOE4, be it full-body or just in their microglia, had more homeostatic cells and fewer DAMs/MGnDs. Both groups assessed single-cell transcriptomics of mouse brain tissue, taken when the animals had widespread plaques or tangles. In contrast, co-first authors Zhuoran Yin and Neta Rosenzweig in Butovsky’s group crossed human APOE3 or APOE4 knock-in mice with P301S or APP/PS1 animals, then conditionally knocked APOE out of microglia in the offspring. Working with Bu, who has since moved to the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, co-first authors Liu and Na Wang crossed APP/PS1 mice with mice that have no endogenous APOE and that conditionally overexpress human APOE3 or E4 only in their microglia. To get a better idea, the two groups took different approaches. These cells upregulate a host of genes, including APOE, but, because astrocytes make most of the APOE in the brain, the contribution of the microglial protein to pathology was unclear. Microglia that flock to and digest amyloid plaques and other neurodegenerative debris have been dubbed a variety of names, including disease-associated microglia (DAMs) or neurodegenerative microglia (MGnDs Jun 2017 news Sep 2017 news). “Both papers demonstrate conclusively that microglial APOE contributes to AD pathology,” wrote Priyanka Narayan at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland (comment below). Plus, they found that in brain tissue from people who had had AD, fewer activated microglia surrounded plaques if the donor was an APOE4 carrier. In the same journal on October 19, Chia-Chen Liu, Guojun Bu, and colleagues at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, also reported that APOE4 prevents microglia from mopping up plaques in mice. Deleting APOE4 puts microglia back on track.The microglia do not clear plaque or tangles.APOE4 locks microglia in a state of homeostasis. ![]() To see full menu details, visit the Devour Indy website.įor more information on places to eat in Hamilton County, visit our restaurants page and be sure to follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Tijuana Flats | MENUĭinner only. Gluten-free, vegan and vegetarian options. Stone Creek Dining Company – Noblesville | MENUĭinner only. Michaelangelo's Italian Bistro | MENUĭinner only. Gluten-free options. Gluten-free, vegan and vegetarian options. Grindstone Public House | MENUĭinner only. Gluten-free, vegan and vegetarian options. Noblesville BRU Burger Bar - Noblesville | MENU Carry-out available. Vegan and vegetarian options. Sahm's Restaurant & Flying Horse Pub | MENU Gluten-free, vegan and vegetarian options.ĭinner only. Gluten-free and vegetarian options. Osteria by Fabio Viviani | MENUīrunch, lunch and dinner. Lunch and dinner. Gluten-free, vegan and vegetarian options. See the full list below, make a reservation and start planning how you’ll devour all they have to offer.ĭinner only. No coupon or ticket is needed – simply visit the restaurant of your choice and ask for the Devour Indy menu.ĭevour Indy’s lineup includes a number of northside options, including these restaurants in Carmel, Fishers, Noblesville, Westfield and beyond. Dozens of restaurants are participating in Indy’s city-wide dining event, offering value-priced menus. It’s the perfect time to discover a new restaurant or visit an old favorite because Devour Indy Summerfest presented by Faegre Drinker returns August 21 - September 3, 2023. ![]()
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